Notes of a Baptist Exorcist: New Testament Teachings and Examples for Exorcising Demons Today
by Dr. Roderick H. Pyatt Ph.D.

I really liked this book and the balanced approach of Dr. Pyatt. The problem of most Protestants is they tend to gravitate to the extremes on the topic of possession and exorcism. Either they ignore the topic politely out of some sort of embarrassment or concern of how they will look to others or they see demons in everything and anything bad that happens to you is a direct action of the devil. Neither of those positions is supported by scripture. Dr. Pyatt addresses the topic in a manner that is biblical and not to the extreme. The book is more or less his notes on the subject. I think it would get better reception if it was more academic. For example, I would like to see it include footnotes and endnotes and if he spent time teasing out some of the finer points.

Characteristics of Possession

Pyatt also relates one way in which people can be possessed. Demons have to have some type of entry, in other words, they are invited. Often people will consult items such as Ouiji boards for some selfish reason. The items do not necessarily have power, for example the Demon is not in the Ouija board. He does however recommend disposing of such items. Not because they have power but for the sake of others.

Dr. Pyatt’s relates the following characteristics of possession. People, while possessed, will speak in a voice that is not their own. The demons typically show themselves intermittently with no set schedule. Demons will have some type of entry, typically using the spiritual or paranormal for selfish reasons. During active possession, the person is usually locked out by the demon that is in total control. The activity, duration and intensity of possessions are variable. When the demon is not active, we don't know if it leaves or becomes dormant. Dr. Pyatt’s position is that locations can be possessed (or infested [my word]) in addition to people. Does that mean animals can be possessed? He also believes that ghosts are disembodied human spirits and that ghosts can be tormented be demons. In one story he relates a story of a ghost that was hiding from what the ghost communicated was the "Dark Man" (demon). When a demon is present, people can sense an instant subtle change in the atmosphere of the house or location. Once a demon is cast, out it may return and may bring friends. Dr. Pyatt also believes that property can be possessed.

Pyatt's Approach to Exorcism

Pyatt believes people can have the God-given gift of discernment. With this sense of discernment, people can sense when demons are near and when a person or property is possessed. We should look to God for guidance on all things, including exorcism. Catholics require diocese bishop approval "Official Permission" to perform exorcism. Dr. Pyatt feels all Christians have the authority. In contradistinction to Catholic exorcism, ritualism is not Biblical. In the Bible, exorcisms were plain and simple. For Pyatt, Christians don't need anything more than Jesus and the Holy Spirit. Not by our power but the power of Christ, simple faith on what Jesus promised He would do for us. Likewise, he views Holy or blessed items, such as crosses or Holy water, as having no innate power. In addition he feels knowing the name of the demon has no bearing what-so-ever on the success or failure of an exorcism.

For Pyatt the purpose of exorcism is to bring glory to God and not the exorcist. He warns anyone who uses paranormal or metaphysical powers for selfish means or profit should be avoided.

Pyatt has a Shot-gun exorcism (his definition) he uses when there is no definite target. He asks the Holy Spirit to touch everyone in the room. He references God as the One to whom he represents, the One who is with him. When he addresses the demons, he talks to them as if they are human adversaries. He takes the fight out of them by making them expend lots of energy by getting them angry and upset. Not sure if it is the demon that gets tired or the host. This may take many hours. Typically, the demon will leave suddenly and everyone will notice a sense of lightness in the room.

Demons

Pyatt relates a number of characteristics of demons in his book. First off, in secular paranormal genre, they are often referred to as elementals or poltergeists. Demons have a hierarchy. Prime demons are the most powerful of the demons and the subordinate, or lesser demons are less powerful. In spite of popular belief, demons are not in Hell. They are roaming around hunting. Not only do demons have the ability to speak but they have a will, intelligence, emotions and they are self-aware. Demons can make mistakes and have negative reactions.

Pyatt's Take on Ghosts

Pyatt does not have a problem with ghosts being disembodied spirits, although Some Churches teach the belief that ghosts are demons. There is no proof-positive either way and there is nothing pro or con in the Bible about ghosts being departed humans. Pyatt also makes the claims that ghosts cannot be exorcised because they are not demons.

Pyatt’s take on Sensitives

People that are 'Sensitive' can sense demons and ghosts. He warns us to be wary of them and extremely cautious because many are charlatans. He says there is nothing wrong with someone who is a sensitive. The only wrong part is if they use their gift for personal gain.

The Rite: The Making of a Modern Exorcist
by Matt Baglio

This was a good book, well written and engaging. I really liked the Catholic treatment of exorcism. They seem to have a very balance approach, not falling into the extremes such as seeing every illness as possession and not denying all possessions as frauds or myth. I have seen other Protestants criticism of Catholics for relying too much on the superstitious use of relics like crucifixes as if they were somehow endowed with magical power or having some spiritual energy or force in and of themselves. According to Baglio the focus is on the power of God and the faith of the exorcist and that the Rite and relics are only aids. Baglio quotes Father Candido Amantini, "We can do only our best, and then we must leave the final decision up to God."

The exorcism account in the book of Tobit is an important story for us to study as it gives us an understanding of second temple period Judaism and early Christian views on the topic of demon possession and exorcism.

Background of Tobit
Tobit was from Israel and part of the deportation to Assyria. This story should give some insight in how Jews saw demon possession. This would be either from the time of the exile, although others would give the book a later date sometime during second temple period.

Situation
A girl named Sarah was possessed by a demon named Asmodeus and that demon caused the death of 7 of her husbands. I have to wonder how the 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 husbands felt about their respective engagements. I would be leery if I was husband 2 let alone 7. Sarah's solution to this problem was suicide; however, she did not go through with it. Instead she prayed to God to take her life, rather than bring dishonor to her father by committing suicide. Her concern about suicide was not the disposition of her soul; she wanted to protect her families honor over relief from her possession.

One noteworthy part of this story is the desire for the possessed person to seek death. Sarah sought suicide but ultimately did not. Contemporary cases of supposed demon possession often include suicidal tendencies. Her we have a correlate between ancient evens and contemporary events leading us to the conclusion that one indication of possession is the desire to relief themselves by committing suicide.

In answer to Sarah's prayer, Raphael (one of the 7 archangels) was dispatched and Sarah was given Tobit's son Tobis for marriage. God answered her prayer to take her life with an alternative she did not ask for. I wonder why she did not ask for a solution other than death. In any case God answer the prayer with angelic assistance.

Events were arranged to bring Tobis to Sarah. Raphael disguised as a distant relative agrees to accompany Tobis for protection on a trip for him to recover money for his father. Raphael accompanied Tobis on that trip, and during their travels they stop along the way and Raphael tells him to catch a fish and gut it.

“Cut open the fish and take out its gall, heart, and liver. Keep them with you, but throw away the intestines. For its gall, heart, and liver are useful as medicine.” Tobit 6:5 NRSV

Raphael later explains why he wanted Tobis to keep the fish guts.

“As for the fish’s heart and liver, you must burn them to make a smoke in the presence of a man or woman afflicted by a demon or evil spirit, and every affliction will flee away and never remain with that person any longer. And as for the gall, anoint a person’s eyes where white films have appeared on them; blow upon them, upon the white films, and the eyes will be healed.” Tobit 6:8–9 NRSV

Raphael arranges for Tobis to meet Sarah and take her as wife. Raphael gives Tobis instructions on how to expel the demon.

"When you enter the bridal chamber, take some of the fish’s liver and heart, and put them on the embers of the incense. An odor will be given off; the demon will smell it and flee, and will never be seen near her any more. Now when you are about to go to bed with her, both of you must first stand up and pray, imploring the Lord of heaven that mercy and safety may be granted to you. Do not be afraid, for she was set apart for you before the world was made. You will save her, and she will go with you." Tobit 6:17–18 NRSV

This is an interesting text. Apparently, according to this text, demons, which are spiritual entities, have senses here in the physical world. Did they use the senses of Sarah or did they have their own? Does the fish liver and heart have some sort of energy or power? Some exorcists claim that objects can by bless, that is imbued with some sort of spiritual power, most notably Catholics. Other exorcists, however, do not feel that objects such as holy water or crosses have any power or do anything to remove demons. They feel the power that removes the demon is the name of Jesus Christ or the faith of the exorcist in conjunction with the faith of the possessed. In this story the burning of the fish liver and heart acts as an irritant and there is no indication that there is some sort of spiritual power related to burning the dead fish parts. I guess dead fish smell is so bad it can scare demons away ;-).

Another interesting point here is that Raphael promises the demon will not return. However we will see later that Jesus indicates demons can return and even stronger (Luke 11:24-26). Raphael also tells them to pray for safety. Today paranormal investigators and sensitives will often prey for protection if they think they are going into a hostile area. Again we see a correlation between modern activities and ancient ones.

Tobis follows Raphael's instructions.

"Then Tobias remembered the words of Raphael, and he took the fish’s liver and heart out of the bag where he had them and put them on the embers of the incense. The odor of the fish so repelled the demon that he fled to the remotest parts of Egypt. But Raphael followed him, and at once bound him there hand and foot." Tobit 8:2–3 NRSV

I have to admit the resolution is not what I expected. The demons fled to Egypt and Raphael bound him there. What does that mean? Why did the demon go to Egypt? Is this how Raphael knows that the demon would not return because he was going to bind him?

Footnote
Tobit is an apocryphal book used by most Christian groups Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Ethiopian Orthodox and some Protestants. It is also included in LXX, [Septuagint], Vulgate and five fragments were found at Qumran.
The cannon was created to include books that were thought to be inspired by God. This does not mean books outside of cannon are not true, it simply means some people don't think it is inspired by God. I include this as an example of Jewish exorcism.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_canon