Was Jefferson a Christian, Atheist, or Deist?

Email from a student:

Sorry to bother you with yet another article, but I have come across several over the last few days that I think are germane to things that have been discussed in your Tuesday night class.

I take everything with a grain of salt these days and am admittedly not a Glenn Beck groupie. However, I do believe that much of his information regarding the Founding Fathers has been fairly accurate.

But to cut to the chase ... I have heard for years the story about Thomas Jefferson cutting up his Bible to accommodate his own beliefs and I heard you again mention it in class the other night.

The following article seems to shed new light (at least for me) on that story:
http://www.theblaze.com/stories/do-you-know-the-real-story-behind-the-jefferson-bible-david-barton-shared-it-with-beck/

I'd like to hear your take on this.
Thanks,

My return email:

For a period of time, Thomas Jefferson was known as a Deist. Not because he had affiliation with any Deist organization, but because his Theology was Deist. Deism is, in reality, a catch-all for many beliefs of God. Recently, Atheists have claimed that Jefferson was an Atheist. This theory is making-the-rounds online. I just debated with an Atheist on Facebook about this. Finally, some Christians claim Jefferson was a protestant Christian. What we do know for sure is that Jefferson was raised as an Episcopalian/Anglican. Later in life, he wrote that he would like to join a Unitarian church, but he could not because there were none in Virginia at the time.

I think it is import to make a distinction between attendance or membership in an organization and what a person actually holds or believes. People can often claim to be one thing while holding a different worldview or theology. Certainly, we would not put it past a politician to “be all things to all men.”

David Burton has recently claimed that he is a Christian in an attempt to bolster or recover the view that the United States was founded as a Christian nation. His comments, however, have sparked some sharp criticism. I think it would be a good idea to look up David Barton. Check out the controversy over his misquotations to see it the criticism is legit.

You can find references to most of it at:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Barton_(author)
Look under Criticism and Unconfirmed Quotations.

The question is whether or not the criticism of Burton is correct and if it is material to his assertions.

So what do we think were Jefferson’s actual beliefs? He wrote that the teachings of Jesus contain the "outlines of a system of the most sublime morality which has ever fallen from the lips of man." Sounds Christian, for sure. To take a lesson from Greg Koukl, I would ask, what did Jefferson mean by Jesus? That is, who would Jefferson say He is?

Here are some quotes from Jefferson that might shed some light on this:

About Science and Religion
The priests of the different religious sects ... dread the advance of science as witches do the approach of daylight, and scowl on the fatal harbinger announcing the subdivision of the duperies on which they live.
-- Thomas Jefferson, letter to Correa de Serra, April 11, 1820, quoted from James A Haught, ed, 2000 Years of Disbelief

About the Gospels
We find in the writings of his biographers ... a groundwork of vulgar ignorance, of things impossible, of superstitions, fanaticisms and fabrications.
-- Thomas Jefferson, to William Short, August 4, 1822, referring to Jesus's biographers, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.

About the God of the Old Testament
That sect had presented for the object of their worship, a being of terrific character, cruel, vindictive, capricious and unjust.
-- Thomas Jefferson, referring to the god of the Jews under Moses, in his letter to William Short (August 4, 1822)

It would appear that Jefferson thought Science trumps religion, that the gospel accounts were lies and the god of the Old Testament we cruel and capricious.

In addition, I have a copy of the Jefferson Bible and in the forward there are comments about Jefferson’s dislike of the supernatural references.

With comments like this, one would think he is in the New Atheist crowd other than the fact he did believe in a god. We just aren’t certain which version of god (theology) that would be. But who can really know the heart of a man? I think it is safe to say he was a Deist or Unitarian. To say he was a Bible believing Christian or an atheist, while certainly possible, I don’t think it is probable.

Either way, what does his worldview have to do with anything today?

As for Burton, I don’t know if the criticism is sound or not, or whether it was intentional or unintentional. If he has misrepresented the facts, then he has done a great disservice to the Christian community (Body of Christ). Even if our intentions are noble, we should never misrepresent or bare false witness to anyone.

http://www.thirdeyeconcept.com/news/index.php?topic=9987.0

http://cosmicx.blogspot.com/2009/06/ethiopian-church-leader-to-announce.html

http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/132067

I recently watched a show on the History Channel about Kabbalah. One thing that I found interesting was their belief that there are multiple layers of meaning in the text of the Torah.   This concept is not unique to Kabbalah they just take it to the extreme. That there is alternative meaning behind the literal read of the text is the subject of Proverbs 25:11.

"A word spoken in right circumstances is like apples of gold in settings (bowls) of silver ."

"Things which are a mere shadow of what is to come; but the substance belongs to Christ." "For the Law, since it has only a shadow of the good things to come" "Shadow of the heavenly things"

I recently finished reading the Tao Te Ching or Daodejing (Dao De Jing), depending upon how you Anglicize it, by Lao Tzu and listening to a series of lectures (12 hours) by Professor Mark W. Muesse on the 'Religions of the Axial Age: An Approach to the World's Religions'.

The Dao De Jing did not come across as a religious text to me. It came across more like a guide book for rulers. The 'Way' is really about the way to govern which does includes spiritual concepts, however spirituality is not the focus of the text. When I was finished reading the text I was left with the impression that Daoism is a very libertarian philosophy with respect to governing.

One concept discussed in the lectures by Prof. Muesse was how the ruling classes were encouraged to avoid self-aggrandizement at public expense and to interfere as little as possible in the lives of their subjects. This concept sounds like something right out of the Libertarian playbook. Another concept of Daoism was that the governed (people) would follow the lead of the governing. Meaning, if those who govern do so amorally then the people will be amoral. This is very much like leadership by example.

A few of my favorite quotes in the Dao De Jing:

• "In studying, each day something is gained." - a great reminder to keep learning
• "Therefore the sage grasps the one and becomes the model for all." - lead by example
• "How could the ruler of a large state be so concerned with himself as to ignore the people?" - politicians should never forgot they work for the people.
• "You would not dominate the people by military force." - win with heart not force
• "Therefore the sage says: I do not force my way and the people transform themselves. I enjoy my serenity and the people correct themselves. I do not interfere and the people enrich themselves." - do not over manipulate people

Am I on the mark in seeing it as political and not spiritual?
What do you think of the concepts I have posted?

[Water is often used as a metaphor for the Dao (or Tao) hence the picture.]